Radiologische Diagnostik von Muskelerkrankungen

Zusammenfassung

Muskelerkrankungen sind eine große heterogene Gruppe von Erkrankungen mit oft sehr schwieriger Differenzialdiagnose. Der vorliegende Artikel gibt eine Übersicht über morphologische und funktionelle radiologische Techniken bei Muskelerkrankungen. Morphologisch können ödematöse, lipomatöse und atrophische Veränderungen des Muskelgewebes erfasst werden, jedoch sind diese Bildbefunde oft nicht für eine bestimmte Muskelerkrankung spezifisch, sodass Kliniker bisher der Radiologie bei der Aufarbeitung von Myopathien einen eher nachgeordneten Rang einräumen. Funktionelle radiologische Techniken erlauben mittlerweile die Beurteilung u. a. der Muskelfaserarchitektur, der Skelettmuskelperfusion, der Natrium-Homöostase der Muskelzellen sowie des Lipid- und Energiephosphatstoffwechsels. Durch die Erfassung und räumliche Zuordnung pathophysiologischer Phänomene können diese neuen Techniken den Stellenwert der radiologischen Diagnostik bei Muskelkrankheiten erhöhen.

Abstract

Muscular diseases are a heterogeneous group of diseases with difficult differential diagnosis. This article reviews morphological and functional radiological techniques for assessment of muscular diseases. Morphological techniques can describe edema-like changes, lipomatous and atrophic changes of muscular tissue. However, these imaging signs are often not disease-specific. As a result, clinicians assign radiology a secondary role in the management of muscular diseases. Meanwhile, functional radiological techniques allow the assessment of muscle fiber architecture, skeletal muscle perfusion, myocellular sodium-homoeostasis, lipid- and energy-phosphate metabolism, etc. By detecting and spatially localizing pathophysiological phenomena, these new techniques can increase the role of radiology in muscular diseases.

Key words

MR imaging - muscular - ultrasound - MR spectroscopy

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